Journal: iScience

Article Title: Bacterial pore-forming toxin pneumolysin drives pathogenicity through host extracellular vesicles released during infection

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110589

Figure Lengend Snippet: PLY-EVs induce dendritic cell maturation and inflammatory cytokine release upon internalization (A) Confocal microscopy images showing the internalization of CFSE-labelled PLY (0.1) and naive EVs (green) by THP-1-monocyte-derived DCs at 24 h post-treatment. Scale bars, 25 μm. (B) Flow cytometry histograms ( N = 3) to quantify the DC uptake of CFSE-labeled PLY(0.5)EVs and naive EVs. (C) Dose-dependent uptake of PLY (0.1, 0.5) EVs by DCs. (D) Phase-contrast microscopy images of immature day 5 DCs coincubated with PLY (0.1, 0.5) EVs and naive EVs for 24 h. Arrows indicate matured DCs (magnified in inset). Scale bars, 50 μm. Images are representative of three independent experiments. (E–G) Flow cytometry histograms ( N = 3) to quantify the expression levels of (E) CD80, (F) CD86, and (G) CD83 on THP-1-monocyte-derived DCs treated with PLY(0.5) and naive EVs. (H and I) Flow cytometry histograms ( N = 2) showing the expression levels of DC maturation marker CD83 at 96 h post-incubation of primary human monocytes with (H) PLY(0.5) and naive EVs and (I) naive EVs pre-treated with recombinant PLY protein (naive EVs+rPLY). (J and K) Cytokine ELISA showing the levels of secreted TNF-α from (J) DCs treated with PLY (0.1) EVs or naive EVs alone ( N = 3) for 24 h and (K) DCs pre-treated with PLY (0.1,0.5) or naive EVs for 24 h followed by subsequent infection with S. pneumoniae , T4R strain ( N = 2). Recombinant PLY (0.5 μg/mL) was used as positive control. All data are represented as mean ± SEM. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.005, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. n.s., not significant. See also Figures S6–S9 .

Article Snippet: Mouse TNF-α DuoSet ELISA kit , R & D Systems , DY410-05.

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry, Labeling, Microscopy, Expressing, Marker, Incubation, Recombinant, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Infection, Positive Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Bacterial pore-forming toxin pneumolysin drives pathogenicity through host extracellular vesicles released during infection

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110589

Figure Lengend Snippet: Adoptive transfer of EVs from infected mice drives inflammation and pathology in a PLY-dependent manner (A) C57BL/6 mice were intranasally administered with 4 × 10 6 CFU of serotype 4 strain, T4 or the isogenic PLY mutant strain, T4Δply. At day 4 post-infection, EVs isolated from BALF were labeled and administered to healthy recipient mice at 35 μg/mice. The EV retention in murine respiratory tract was imaged by IVIS imaging and immune infiltration into lungs, and cytokine levels in BALF was measured. (B) Bacterial load in murine BALF ( N = 5 mice/group) upon infection with T4 and T4Δply strains was measured by CFU dilution assay. ∗∗ in (B) indicates p < 0.01 by Mann-Whitney test. (C) Quantification of relative total EV protein content from mice ( N = 3 mice/group) infected with T4 and T4Δply strains by BCA protein assay. PBS-treated mice served as control. ∗ and ∗∗ in (C) indicates p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively, by unpaired t test. (D) IVIS imaging of mice intranasally administered with Nile-red-labeled EVs isolated from mice infected with T4 (EVs-T4) or T4Δply (EVs-T4Δply). EVs from PBS-treated mice (naive EVs) served as control. ROI intensity values indicate the total flux (photons/sec) recorded from the given region showing higher intensity of EVs from T4-infected mice in the respiratory tract. The color scale (photons/sec/cm 2 ) indicates the relative intensities of individual signals. (E and F) Flow cytometry analysis of inflammatory macrophages (F4/80 + ) and neutrophils (Ly6G + ) in BALF of mice ( N = 6 mice/group) administered with EVs from infected or untreated mice at 18 h. (G) TNF-α levels in the BALF of mice ( N = 5 mice/group) treated with EVs isolated from infected or untreated mice were measured post-sacrifice at 18 h by ELISA. ∗∗ and ∗∗∗ in (G) indicates p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively, by unpaired t test. (H) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of mouse lungs ( N = 6 mice/group) at 18 h post-administration of EVs from infected or PBS-treated mice. Mice treated with EVs from T4-infected mice showed tissue microlesions (MLEs) and immune cell infiltration in the alveolar interstitium indicative of PLY-induced tissue damage (magnified in the inset). BR, bronchiole; MLE, microlesions. Scale bars, 200 μm. Blind histopathological scoring was performed based on presence or absence of cellularity in alveolar interstitium and lesions. A score of “0” was given when no lesions were found, and a score of “1” was given to tissue showing increasing cellularity and lesions. Mouse BALF flow cytometry and histology data are representative of three independent experiments. All data are represented as mean ± SEM. See also Figure S12 .

Article Snippet: Mouse TNF-α DuoSet ELISA kit , R & D Systems , DY410-05.

Techniques: Adoptive Transfer Assay, Infection, Mutagenesis, Isolation, Labeling, Imaging, Dilution Assay, MANN-WHITNEY, Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay, Control, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Bacterial pore-forming toxin pneumolysin drives pathogenicity through host extracellular vesicles released during infection

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110589

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Mouse TNF-α DuoSet ELISA kit , R & D Systems , DY410-05.

Techniques: Virus, Mutagenesis, Isolation, Recombinant, Modification, Saline, Labeling, Staining, Electron Microscopy, Lysis, Western Blot, Buffer Exchange, Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Clone Assay, Software, Membrane

Journal: Cell & Bioscience

Article Title: KIF5B modulates central spindle organization in late-stage cytokinesis in chondrocytes

doi: 10.1186/s13578-019-0344-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokinetic phenotype in Kif5b knockdown ATDC5 cells. a Western blot of protein extracts from single cell clones with stable expression of sh-ctl or sh-kif5b constructs. b Immunofluorescence of KIF5B (green) in sh-Kif5b clone #4. Scale bar: 10 μm. c sh-ctl and sh-Kif5b cells stained with α-tubulin (red) and DAPI (blue). Yellow asterisks denote typical binucleated cells. Scale bar: 20 μm. d Quantification of the bi- and multi-nucleation rate in control cell clones ( n = 3, sh-ctl clone #1–3) and Kif5b-knockdown cell clones ( n = 5, sh-Kif5b clone #4–8). *** P < 0.0001; unpaired two-tailed t-test. Data are mean ± S.D. e Re-introduced GFP tagged full length KIF5B reduced the bi- and multi-nucleation rate in Kif5b knockdown ATDC5 cells clone #4 ( n = 10 independent experiments) and #5 ( n = 5 independent experiments). *** P < 0.0001; unpaired two-tailed t-test. Data are mean ± S.D. f Time-lapse images of sh-ctl and sh-Kif5b cells in mitosis. Scale bar: 10 μm. g Quantification of duration of cytokinesis in sh-ctl cells ( n = 84 cells from sh-ctl clone #1–3) and sh-Kif5b cells ( n = 68 cells from sh-Kif5b clone #4, #5 and #8). *** P < 0.0001; two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test. The whisker plot shows median (lines), interquartile range (boxes) and 5% to 95% percentile (whiskers). Duration of cytokinesis was calculated from the furrow ingression to the final separation of the two daughter cells. Cells fusing back were not included in this analysis

Article Snippet: Other antibodies were as follow: anti-actin (Sigma, WB 1:2000), anti-α-tubulin (Sigma, WB: 1:10,000; immunofluorescences: 1:2000), anti-Aurora B (BD transduction, WB: 1:1000; immunofluorescence: 1:100), Anti-clathrin heavy chain (BD transduction, WB: 1:1000; immunofluorescence: 1:100), Anti-GM130 (BD transduction, WB: 1:1000; immunofluorescence: 1:100), Anti-PRC1 (Abcam, WB: 1:1000; Santa cruz, immunofluorescence: 1:100), phalloidin conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 (Molecular probes) for F-actin labeling (1:300), CellLightTM Tubulin-GFP BacMam 2.0 (Molecular probes) for labeling tubulin in live cells, transferrin from human serum conjugated with rhodamine (Molecular probes).

Techniques: Knockdown, Western Blot, Clone Assay, Expressing, Construct, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Control, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY, Whisker Assay

Journal: Cell & Bioscience

Article Title: KIF5B modulates central spindle organization in late-stage cytokinesis in chondrocytes

doi: 10.1186/s13578-019-0344-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Midbody microtubule organization is impaired in Kif5b deficient cells. a Immunofluorescence of α-tubulin in primary chondrocytes in late cytokinesis. Scale bar: 10 μm. b Quantification of tubulin intensity in midbody in primary chondrocytes ( Kif5b fl/ + cells: n = 24; Col2cre ; Kif5b fl/ − cells: n = 27). *** P < 0.0001; two-tailed Mann–Whitney U -test. The whisker plot shows median (lines), interquartile range (boxes) and 10% to 90% percentile (whiskers). c Electron micrographs of midbody regions from sh-ctl and sh-Kif5b ATDC5 cells. Red lines denote the region of Flemming body. Yellow arrows and boxes denote the broken regions in Flemming body. Scale bar: 0.5 μm. d Quantification of the length of Flemming body in sh-ctl and sh-Kif5b cells (sh-ctl cells: n = 12; sh-Kif5b cells: n = 9). *** P < 0.0001; unpaired two-tailed t-test. Data are mean ± S.D. e Live imaging of sh-ctl and sh-Kif5b cells expressing GFP-tubulin in cytokinesis. Scale bar: 10 μm. f Quantification of the bi- and multi-nucleation rate in sh-Kif5b cells transiently expressing GFP, GFP-Kif5b and GFP-Kif5bΔMT ( n = 5 independent experiments). *** P < 0.0001; NS, P = 0.4039; unpaired two-tailed t-test. Data are mean ± S.D. g A model showing the function of KIF5B in cytokinesis. In late cytokinesis, KIF5B alone or together with other unknown molecules cross-links microtubules in the midbody, and therefore the structure of midbody can be stably maintained

Article Snippet: Other antibodies were as follow: anti-actin (Sigma, WB 1:2000), anti-α-tubulin (Sigma, WB: 1:10,000; immunofluorescences: 1:2000), anti-Aurora B (BD transduction, WB: 1:1000; immunofluorescence: 1:100), Anti-clathrin heavy chain (BD transduction, WB: 1:1000; immunofluorescence: 1:100), Anti-GM130 (BD transduction, WB: 1:1000; immunofluorescence: 1:100), Anti-PRC1 (Abcam, WB: 1:1000; Santa cruz, immunofluorescence: 1:100), phalloidin conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 (Molecular probes) for F-actin labeling (1:300), CellLightTM Tubulin-GFP BacMam 2.0 (Molecular probes) for labeling tubulin in live cells, transferrin from human serum conjugated with rhodamine (Molecular probes).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY, Whisker Assay, Imaging, Expressing, Stable Transfection